Types and Nature of Samadhi

In the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, “Samadhi Pada” is the section that outlines the various types and nature of Samadhi—the ultimate goal of yoga practice. Samadhi is a state of profound meditative absorption, where the individual achieves a state of oneness, merging with the object of meditation. It is the pinnacle of the yogic journey, representing complete integration and union with the divine.

Let’s explore the types and nature of Samadhi as described in the Samadhi Pada, along with an analogy to aid comprehension:

Types of Samadhi as Described by Patanjali:

1. Savitarka Samadhi (Samadhi with Gross Objects):In Savitarka Samadhi, the mind is absorbed in a gross object or concept, accompanied by reasoning and analysis. The object is typically tangible and concrete, and the mind is actively engaged in contemplation.
2. Nirvitarka Samadhi (Samadhi without Gross Objects):Nirvitarka Samadhi is a deeper state, where the mind is absorbed in a more subtle, abstract object without the need for reasoning or analysis. The focus is on pure awareness and concentration.
3. Savichara Samadhi (Samadhi with Subtle Objects):In Savichara Samadhi, the mind is absorbed in a more subtle, refined object, and there is a heightened level of awareness without analytical thought. The object may be abstract or symbolic.
4. Nirvichara Samadhi (Samadhi without Subtle Objects):Nirvichara Samadhi is a state where the mind is absorbed in pure awareness, devoid of any subtle objects or mental constructs. It is a state of profound stillness and silence.
5. Sa-ananda Samadhi (Samadhi with Bliss):In Sa-ananda Samadhi, there is an experience of bliss and joy, accompanied by a sense of unity and oneness. The practitioner is immersed in the blissful state of union with the object of meditation.
6. Nir-ananda Samadhi (Samadhi without Bliss):Nir-ananda Samadhi is a state where the practitioner transcends even the experience of bliss, reaching a state beyond any sensory or experiential qualities.

Nature of Samadhi:

• Union and Oneness: Samadhi is the state of complete union and oneness, where the boundaries between the meditator, the process of meditation, and the object of meditation dissolve.
• Transcendence of Ego: Samadhi involves the transcendence of the ego (Ahamkara) and the dissolution of the individual self into the universal consciousness.
• Timelessness and Effortlessness: During Samadhi, the experience of time diminishes or disappears altogether. The practice becomes effortless, and the individual is fully absorbed in the present moment.
• Bliss and Fulfillment: Samadhi is accompanied by a sense of profound bliss, contentment, and fulfillment. It is a state of ultimate joy and peace.

Analogy:

Imagine a river flowing towards the ocean:

• Savitarka Samadhi: It’s like observing the river along its course, analyzing its flow, and studying its features.
• Nirvitarka Samadhi: Now, your focus shifts solely to the river’s movement, appreciating its natural flow without analyzing each aspect.
• Savichara Samadhi: You become engrossed in the patterns and ripples on the river’s surface, understanding its subtleties beyond just the flow.
• Nirvichara Samadhi: Your attention is now on the depth and stillness of the river, moving beyond surface observations.
• Sa-ananda Samadhi: It’s akin to plunging into the ocean at the river’s end, experiencing the vastness and the bliss of being part of something grand.
• Nir-ananda Samadhi: You dive even deeper, reaching the ocean’s quiet depths, where all separateness dissolves, and you become one with the vastness.

Just as the river naturally flows towards the ocean, the practice of Samadhi leads the individual towards union and oneness with the ultimate reality.